現(xiàn)階段，我國越來越重視對森林資源進(jìn)行價值評估，關(guān)于林業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的改革創(chuàng)新也在不斷深入，我國森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)正在快速發(fā)展壯大。但是，這一行業(yè)發(fā)展還不夠成熟，在制度管理以及實際資產(chǎn)評估方面還存在缺陷，嚴(yán)重阻礙了行業(yè)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。

　　At present, China is paying more and more attention to the value assessment of forest resources, and the reform and innovation of forestry property rights system is also constantly deepening. The forest resource asset assessment industry in China is rapidly developing and growing. However, the development of this industry is not yet mature enough, and there are still deficiencies in institutional management and actual asset evaluation, which seriously hinder the sustainable and healthy development of the industry.

　　為了保障我國森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)的有序發(fā)展，實現(xiàn)行業(yè)成熟穩(wěn)定，就要解決森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)現(xiàn)階段面臨的問題，創(chuàng)新森林資源資產(chǎn)評估模式與體系。

　　In order to ensure the orderly development of China's forest resource asset evaluation industry and achieve industry maturity and stability, it is necessary to solve the problems currently faced by the forest resource asset evaluation industry and innovate the forest resource asset evaluation model and system.

　　目前，在世界發(fā)展進(jìn)程中，森林資源已經(jīng)可以作為一種有形的資產(chǎn)進(jìn)行價值評估。森林發(fā)展節(jié)奏過快、行業(yè)規(guī)模不斷擴增導(dǎo)致森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)在發(fā)展過程中暴露出許多問題，對整個行業(yè)的成熟健康發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了阻礙作用 。

　　At present, in the process of global development, forest resources can be valued as a tangible asset. The rapid pace of forest development and the continuous expansion of industry scale have exposed many problems in the development process of the forest resource asset evaluation industry, which has hindered the mature and healthy development of the entire industry.

　　基于此，分析森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀以及存在的問題， 探究應(yīng)對這些主要問題的解決措施，謀求行業(yè)的穩(wěn)定與向好發(fā)展。

　　Based on this, analyze the current situation and existing problems of the forest resource asset evaluation industry, explore solutions to these main problems, and seek stability and positive development of the industry.

　　1.森林資源資產(chǎn)評估定義

　　1. Definition of Forest Resource Asset Assessment

　　森林資源從廣義上來講主要是指林地以及生長依附于其上的以林木資源為主的森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的物質(zhì)，包含范圍較廣，有森林植物、動物以及其他環(huán)境因素等；

　　Forest resources, in a broad sense, mainly refer to the materials in forest land and the forest ecosystem dominated by forest resources that grow and depend on it, including a wide range of forest plants, animals, and other environmental factors; ?

　　從狹義上來講， 其主要是指以喬木資源為主的樹木資源。在陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中，森林資源作為一種非常重要的可再生資源，對人們的日常生活、生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營以及社會發(fā)展等?都產(chǎn)生了一定影響，是幫助社會實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要物質(zhì)前提。

　　Narrowly speaking, it mainly refers to tree resources dominated by trees. In terrestrial ecosystems, forest resources, as a very important renewable resource, have a certain impact on people's daily lives, production and operation, and social development, and are an important material prerequisite for helping society achieve sustainable development.

　　除此之外，森林資源的作用不僅表現(xiàn)在其林木資源以及物產(chǎn)方面，還包括其對于環(huán)境資源的利用與保護，如森林能夠保持水土、涵養(yǎng)水源、凈化空氣以及實現(xiàn)生態(tài)平衡等。

　　In addition, the role of forest resources is not only reflected in their forest resources and products, but also in their utilization and protection of environmental resources, such as maintaining soil and water, conserving water sources, purifying air, and achieving ecological balance.

　　森林資源資產(chǎn)主要是指能夠利用現(xiàn)階段的經(jīng)驗和科學(xué)技術(shù)手段進(jìn)行開發(fā)利用，并且能夠為產(chǎn)權(quán)所有者帶來經(jīng)濟效益的森林資源 。

　　Forest resource assets mainly refer to forest resources that can be developed and utilized using current experience and scientific and technological means, and can bring economic benefits to property owners.

　　森林資源資產(chǎn)根據(jù)形態(tài)特征可以分為林地資產(chǎn)、森林環(huán)境資產(chǎn)、林木資產(chǎn)以及森林經(jīng)管資產(chǎn)等；

　　Forest resource assets can be divided into forest land assets, forest environmental assets, forest tree assets, and forest management assets based on their morphological characteristics;

　　若是根據(jù)其進(jìn)行經(jīng)營管理的模式進(jìn)行劃分，可以分為公益性資產(chǎn)和經(jīng)營性資產(chǎn)。舉例來說，公益性森林資源資產(chǎn)主要是指防護林，而經(jīng)營性森林資源資產(chǎn)指材林、薪炭林以及竹林等。

　　If classified according to its business management mode, it can be divided into public welfare assets and operational assets. For example, public welfare forest resource assets mainly refer to protective forests, while operational forest resource assets refer to timber forests, firewood forests, and bamboo forests.

　　和其他類型的資產(chǎn)相比，森林資源資產(chǎn)主要具備 3 個基本特征。

　　Compared with other types of assets, forest resource assets mainly have three basic characteristics.

　　1 )資產(chǎn)是在人力資源以及自然因素共同影響下而形成的。

　　Assets are formed under the joint influence of human resources and natural factors.

　　2)森林資源資產(chǎn)可以再生并持續(xù)利用，森林資源中主要以生物資源為主，而大多數(shù)的生物資源都具備再生能力，但是若森林生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到破壞，那么森林資源資產(chǎn)的再生性也會遭受破壞。

　　2) Forest resource assets can be regenerated and sustainably utilized, with biological resources being the main component. Most biological resources have the ability to regenerate, but if the forest ecological environment is damaged, the regenerability of forest resource assets will also be compromised.

　　3)在人為因素與?自然環(huán)境因素的共同作用下，森林資源資產(chǎn)呈現(xiàn)多樣化發(fā)展，并且只要生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營模式科學(xué)合理，森林資源的經(jīng)營周期可達(dá)數(shù)百年之久，在其經(jīng)營長周期內(nèi)采取多方面的經(jīng)營方式，可以充分發(fā)揮出森林資源資產(chǎn)在經(jīng)濟增長、社會發(fā)展以及生態(tài)保護方面的促進(jìn)作用。

　　3) Under the joint action of human factors and natural environmental factors, forest resource assets exhibit diversified development, and as long as the production and operation mode is scientific and reasonable, the management cycle of forest resources can last for hundreds of years. Adopting various management methods during its long management cycle can fully play the promoting role of forest resource assets in economic growth, social development, and ecological protection.

　　2.進(jìn)行森林資源資產(chǎn)評估的重要性

　　The importance of conducting forest resource asset assessment

　　現(xiàn)階段，我國社會主義市場經(jīng)濟建設(shè)正在穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，為了加快我國經(jīng)濟建設(shè)發(fā)展，集體林權(quán)制度不斷改革。

　　At present, the construction of socialist market economy in China is steadily advancing. In order to accelerate the development of China's economic construction, the collective forest tenure system is constantly being reformed.

　　在此背景下，森林資源資產(chǎn)向著產(chǎn)業(yè)化方向發(fā)展，所以對于森林資源的資產(chǎn)評估也越來越重視。對于森林資源資產(chǎn)進(jìn)行評估能夠推動整個森林產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，促進(jìn)林業(yè)市場成熟穩(wěn)定。

　　In this context, forest resource assets are developing towards industrialization, so the asset evaluation of forest resources is becoming increasingly important. Evaluating forest resource assets can promote the development of the entire forest industry and promote the maturity and stability of the forestry market.

　　3.森林資源資產(chǎn)評估存在的問題

　　3. Problems in forest resource asset assessment

　　3.1森林資源資產(chǎn)管理模式不符合行業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)模

　　3.1 Forest resource asset management model not in line with industry development scale

　　我國森林資源存在特殊性，因此無論是從理論定義還是實踐應(yīng)用方面來說，現(xiàn)階段的森林資源資產(chǎn)管理模式都不完全符合我國社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展要求，森林資源管理本身也沒有制定科學(xué)合理的制度進(jìn)行分類管理，公益林與經(jīng)營林發(fā)展不平衡，經(jīng)營者和種植戶都不能按照市場發(fā)展方向來進(jìn)行森林資源經(jīng)營。隨著我國社會主義市場經(jīng)濟不斷發(fā)展，森林資源市場實現(xiàn)了長足進(jìn)步，林業(yè)管理不斷完善，通過各種方式進(jìn)行的資金籌集也保證了森林資源資產(chǎn)發(fā)展的資金基礎(chǔ)，整個森林產(chǎn)業(yè)都實現(xiàn)了繁榮發(fā)展。

　　The forest resources in our country have special characteristics. Therefore, both in terms of theoretical definition and practical application, the current forest resource asset management model does not fully meet the requirements of China's social and economic development. Forest resource management itself has not formulated a scientific and reasonable system for classified management. The development of public welfare forests and managed forests is unbalanced, and operators and growers cannot carry out forest resource management according to the direction of market development. With the continuous development of China's socialist market economy, the forest resource market has made significant progress, forestry management has been continuously improved, and various forms of fundraising have ensured the financial foundation for the development of forest resource assets. The entire forest industry has achieved prosperous development.

　　所以，森林資產(chǎn)評估發(fā)展服務(wù)對象不再只有國家和政府，其面向?qū)ο笞優(yōu)樗械牧謽I(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)所有者，傳統(tǒng)的森林資源管理模式已經(jīng)不能適應(yīng)林業(yè)發(fā)展的具體要求。

　　Therefore, the service target of forest asset assessment development is no longer only the state and government, but also all forestry property owners. The traditional forest resource management model can no longer meet the specific requirements of forestry development.

　　3.2?缺乏健全完善的森林資源資產(chǎn)評估制度體系

　　3.2 Lack of a sound and comprehensive forest resource asset evaluation system

　　隨著森林資源資產(chǎn)評估越來越受到重視，我國出臺了有關(guān)森林資源資產(chǎn)評估的政策與法律，但是在實際應(yīng)用實踐中仍然存在較多問題。

　　With the increasing emphasis on forest resource asset assessment, China has introduced policies and laws related to forest resource asset assessment. However, there are still many problems in practical application.

　　目前，我國雖然制定實施了針對森林資產(chǎn)資源評估管理的法律制度，但是相關(guān)制度仍不健全，并沒有形成完整的管理體系。由于沒有完善的法律制度的約束，森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)呈現(xiàn)出不健康的發(fā)展態(tài)勢，非常不利于我國社會主義經(jīng)濟發(fā)展建設(shè)。

　　At present, although China has formulated and implemented legal systems for the assessment and management of forest asset resources, the relevant systems are still not sound and have not formed a complete management system. Due to the lack of a sound legal system, the forest resource asset evaluation industry is showing an unhealthy development trend, which is very detrimental to the development and construction of China's socialist economy.

　　3.3森林資源資產(chǎn)評估管理部門以及專業(yè)人才缺失

　　3.3 Lack of Forest Resource Asset Assessment and Management Departments and Professional Talents

　　我國相關(guān)政策明確提出，對于森林資源評估工作的管理需要由財政部以及林業(yè)部協(xié)同進(jìn)行，但是在實際管理工作中發(fā)現(xiàn)，部門之間存在配合不默契的現(xiàn)象。比如有的部門過于重視利益，在進(jìn)行評估時指定專門的評估機構(gòu)，評估結(jié)果缺乏科學(xué)性。不同省市或不同地區(qū)之間在進(jìn)行評估收費時制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不統(tǒng)一，有的地區(qū)還存在雙重收費或者不正當(dāng)交易的現(xiàn)象。這些情況均對我國森林資源資產(chǎn)評估帶來不利影響。

　　The relevant policies in our country clearly state that the management of forest resource assessment work needs to be coordinated by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Forestry. However, in actual management work, it has been found that there is a lack of coordination between departments. For example, some departments place too much emphasis on interests and designate specialized evaluation agencies when conducting assessments, resulting in a lack of scientific evaluation results. The standards for evaluating fees are not uniform among different provinces, cities, or regions, and there are also cases of double fees or unfair transactions in some areas. These situations have a negative impact on the assessment of forest resource assets in China.

　　森林資源本身較為特殊，因此需要林業(yè)專家對其進(jìn)行評估。但是我國目前缺乏森林資源評估行業(yè)的專家，?并且現(xiàn)有專家對于評估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)意見不一致，專業(yè)資格考試以及培訓(xùn)也缺乏制度保障。除此之外我國對于森林資源資產(chǎn)評估專家的管理體系不夠完善，沒有充分發(fā)揮出評估行業(yè)的自我管理作用。

　　Forest resources themselves are quite unique, therefore requiring forestry experts to evaluate them. However, there is currently a lack of experts in the forest resource assessment industry in our country, and existing experts have inconsistent opinions on assessment standards. Professional qualification exams and training also lack institutional guarantees. In addition, China's management system for forest resource asset evaluation experts is not yet perfect, and the self-management role of the evaluation industry has not been fully utilized.

　　4.森林資源資產(chǎn)評估存在問題的應(yīng)對措施

　　4. Measures to address issues in forest resource asset assessment

　　4.1加強對森林資源資產(chǎn)評估的認(rèn)識

　　4.1 Strengthen the understanding of forest resource asset assessment

　　對森林資源進(jìn)行資產(chǎn)化管理是一項比較復(fù)雜的工作，需要各方一起努力。

　　Asset management of forest resources is a complex task that requires joint efforts from all parties involved.

　　受傳統(tǒng)森林資源資產(chǎn)行業(yè)經(jīng)營模式的限制，現(xiàn)階段，解決森林資源資產(chǎn)評估主要問題以及改革管理方式方面存在困難。要想對森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)進(jìn)行有效管理，就要先提高全社會對于森林資源資產(chǎn)評估的認(rèn)識，通過多種宣傳方式，使各個部門意識到進(jìn)行森林資源資產(chǎn)評估對于現(xiàn)階段我國社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要性，為解決目前管理森林資源資產(chǎn)評估過程中出現(xiàn)的問題打下堅實基礎(chǔ)。

　　Due to the limitations of the traditional management model of the forest resource asset industry, there are currently difficulties in addressing the main issues of forest resource asset evaluation and reforming management methods. To effectively manage the forest resource asset assessment industry, it is necessary to first raise the awareness of the whole society about forest resource asset assessment. Through various publicity methods, various departments should be made aware of the importance of conducting forest resource asset assessment for the current socio-economic development of China, laying a solid foundation for solving the problems that arise in the process of managing forest resource asset assessment.

　　4.2?改革森林資源資產(chǎn)評估管理體制

　　4.2 Reforming the Forest Resource Asset Evaluation and Management System

　　目前，森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)的發(fā)展受到多種因素的制約影響，因此，要想創(chuàng)新改革行業(yè)管理模式體制，就要充分考慮行業(yè)發(fā)展實際以及我國現(xiàn)階段的國情，在此基礎(chǔ)上建立健全科學(xué)合理的管理制度與體系。

　　At present, the development of the forest resource asset evaluation industry is constrained by various factors. Therefore, in order to innovate and reform the industry management mode and system, it is necessary to fully consider the actual development of the industry and the current national conditions of China, and establish a sound and scientific management system and framework on this basis.

　　從國外先進(jìn)的森林資源資產(chǎn)評估經(jīng)驗中可以看出，社會中的資產(chǎn)評估機構(gòu)不能完全實現(xiàn)自身管理，因此需要政府等部門的介入 。

　　From the advanced experience of forest resource asset evaluation abroad, it can be seen that asset evaluation institutions in society cannot fully achieve self-management, and therefore require the intervention of government and other departments.

　　但政府在進(jìn)行管理的過程中，只能發(fā)揮帶頭引導(dǎo)作用，不能過多干預(yù)相關(guān)機構(gòu)的管理，這是因為由政府進(jìn)行主導(dǎo)的管理模式不適合現(xiàn)階段森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)的發(fā)展。

　　However, in the process of management, the government can only play a leading and guiding role and cannot intervene too much in the management of relevant institutions. This is because the management model led by the government is not suitable for the development of the forest resource asset evaluation industry at present.

　　行業(yè)內(nèi)部的管理部門應(yīng)該盡快深化管理體制改革，充分發(fā)揮監(jiān)督管理的職能，通過與評估行業(yè)協(xié)會的共同作用，引導(dǎo)監(jiān)督行業(yè)內(nèi)部機構(gòu)的評估工作，實現(xiàn)行業(yè)的持續(xù)發(fā)展。

　　The management departments within the industry should deepen the reform of the management system as soon as possible, fully play the function of supervision and management, guide the evaluation work of internal institutions in the supervision industry through the joint role with the evaluation industry association, and achieve the sustainable development of the industry.

　　4.3健全法律體系，用制度約束資產(chǎn)評估行為

　　4.3 Establish a sound legal system and use institutional constraints to regulate asset valuation behavior

　　我國有關(guān)部門應(yīng)該盡快制定相關(guān)法律制度來約束規(guī)范森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)的工作， 制定合理的獎懲制度，提升評估結(jié)果的科學(xué)性和合理性。

　　The relevant departments in our country should formulate relevant legal systems as soon as possible to constrain and regulate the work of the forest resource asset evaluation industry, establish a reasonable reward and punishment system, and enhance the scientificity and rationality of the evaluation results.

　　森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)的評估調(diào)查機構(gòu)在進(jìn)行業(yè)務(wù)開展時收取合適的費用作為報酬是合理現(xiàn)象，但是若是收費過低或過多都會對行業(yè)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展造成影響。

　　It is reasonable for assessment and investigation agencies in the forest resource asset evaluation industry to charge appropriate fees as compensation when conducting business, but if the fees are too low or too high, it will have an impact on the stable development of the industry.

　　因此，行業(yè)內(nèi)部需要統(tǒng)一收費標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，制定收費金額時需要考慮評估前期調(diào)查工作的難易、資產(chǎn)評估價值的大小以及評估風(fēng)險等級等因素，以規(guī)范行業(yè)行為，促進(jìn)森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)健康發(fā)展。

　　Therefore, there is a need for a unified fee standard within the industry. When formulating the fee amount, factors such as the difficulty of evaluating preliminary investigation work, the value of asset evaluation, and the level of evaluation risk need to be considered to standardize industry behavior and promote the healthy development of the forest resource asset evaluation industry. ?

　　4.4培訓(xùn)專業(yè)森林資源資產(chǎn)評估人才

　　4.4 Training professional forest resource asset assessment personnel

　　對于森林資源進(jìn)行資產(chǎn)評估不是一項簡單的工作，需要專業(yè)人才與專家的參與配合。

　　Evaluating the assets of forest resources is not a simple task and requires the participation and cooperation of professional talents and experts.

　　但是現(xiàn)階段，我國缺乏行業(yè)相關(guān)專家，并且具備專業(yè)素質(zhì)的咨詢?nèi)藛T也少之又少，不利于森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)的持續(xù)發(fā)展。

　　However, at present, China lacks industry related experts, and there are also very few consultants with professional qualifications, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the forest resource asset evaluation industry.

　　針對這一問題，有關(guān)部門應(yīng)該重視培養(yǎng)資產(chǎn)評估專業(yè)人才，加大培訓(xùn)力度，提升考核標(biāo)準(zhǔn)， 選拔高素質(zhì)的人才。

　　In response to this issue, relevant departments should attach importance to cultivating professionals in asset appraisal, increase training efforts, improve assessment standards, and select high-quality talents.

　　同時，對于人才采取分級管理模式，對于選拔出來的專業(yè)人員還要加大后續(xù)教育，使其工作能力始終與現(xiàn)階段的社會發(fā)展需求相適應(yīng)，以提升森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)的綜合素質(zhì)，實現(xiàn)行業(yè)持續(xù)向好發(fā)展。

　　At the same time, a hierarchical management model should be adopted for talents, and follow-up education should be increased for selected professionals to ensure that their work abilities are always in line with the current social development needs, in order to enhance the comprehensive quality of the forest resource asset evaluation industry and achieve sustained and good development of the industry.

　　5、結(jié)語

　　5. Conclusion

　　通過健全完善森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)法律法規(guī)、改革傳統(tǒng)管理模式等方式，對我國森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)加強管理，能夠規(guī)范行業(yè)內(nèi)部行為，引導(dǎo)我國森林資源資產(chǎn)?評估工作科學(xué)發(fā)展。

　　By improving the laws and regulations of the forest resource asset evaluation industry and reforming traditional management models, we can strengthen the management of China's forest resource asset evaluation industry, standardize internal behavior, and guide the scientific development of China's forest resource asset evaluation work.

　　此外，還應(yīng)有效培養(yǎng)資產(chǎn)評估專業(yè)人才，提升行業(yè)的整體素質(zhì)，促進(jìn)森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)健康持續(xù)發(fā)展，進(jìn)而促進(jìn)我國社會主義市場經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。

　　In addition, it is necessary to effectively cultivate professionals in asset appraisal, enhance the overall quality of the industry, promote the healthy and sustainable development of the forest resource asset appraisal industry, and thus promote the development of China's socialist market economy.

　　本文由  林業(yè)資產(chǎn)價格評估  友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識請點擊  http://www.mariotti-pecini.com.cn/   真誠的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識我們將會陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請期待.

　　This article is dedicated to the evaluation of forestry asset prices For more related knowledge, please click http://www.mariotti-pecini.com.cn/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.